Evolutionary Consequences of Energetic Cost of Intelligence

Living organisms can be seen as catalysts, helping to transform accessible energy in their environment into entropy (typically released as heat) in the hopes of avoiding danger, obtaining food, and producing offspring to increase fitness. Importantly though, organisms can be "intelligent" catalysts; they make decisions—tantamount to performing computations—and take actions. These computations and associated actions (or inactions) require energy to perform and therefore also have fitness costs. Consequently, the question at stake is two-fold:

i) At the scale of an individual organism (be it a unicellular creature, a single cell in a multicellular organism, or an individual in a eusocial species), what are the inherent physical constraints relating to thermodynamic efficiency, fitness, and computation?

ii) At the scale of natural selection, how should the theorems of evolutionary biology be used, adapted, or modified to explicitly account for and thus encapsulate inherent trade-offs between the thermodynamic costs of performing computation and the fitness benefits of computations?